The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is the largest of the
genus, buteo, or bird of prey. Their wingspan can reach up to 7 1/2
feet. Their massive size has earned the golden eagle the title “King
of the Birds.” As with many buteos, females are considerably larger
than males, in the case of the Golden Eagle they weigh one-fourth to
one-third again as much as male birds.
Adult golden eagles have golden brown plumage. Their head and nape
feathers are a slightly lighter, golden color. Juveniles have white
patches at base of primary feathers and a white tail with a distinct
dark band at the end. It takes four years to acquire adult plumage.
These regal birds range from Mexico through much of western North
America. Golden eagles are also found in Asia, northern Africa, and
Europe.
Golden eagles are monogamous and may remain with their mate for
several years or possibly for life. Golden eagle pairs have
territories that may be as large as 60 square miles. The female will
lay 1-4 eggs in the spring and takes on the primary responsibility
of incubating the eggs. During the 45 days it takes for the young to
hatch, the male primarily hunts and gathers food. The eaglets hatch
in the order the eggs were laid. The first born often eat their
later-born siblings, so it is common for the first born to be the
only eaglet to survive and leave the nest. Both parents share the
responsibilities of raising the young.
Golden eagles use their speed and sharp talons to seize their prey,
which includes rabbits, marmots, and ground squirrels. They also eat
carrion, reptiles, birds, fish, and large insects. They have even
been known to attack full grown deer. When golden eagles spot prey
while soaring through the air, they tuck their wings and swoop at
speeds up to 200 mph. The eagle's eyes are large, occupying most of
their head, and they have colored vision much sharper than any 20/20
human vision in daylight. Their sharp eyes and their ability to turn
their heads 210 degrees, help them hone in on their target
Golden eagles are protected in the United States through the US Fish
and Wildlife Service. Possession of a feather or other body part is
a felony with a fine of up to $10,000 and/or 10 years in prison,
although federally recognized Native Americans are able to possess
these emblems which are traditional in their culture.
